Customer Needs and Expectations Free Essays

Here at Travel Weekly one of the agents at Virgin Atlantic have respected us by composing an article about ‘A day as a representative’ Lets see what Kaye Goodwin from Virgin Atlantic needs to state! In a day of a delegate at Virgin Atlantic I need to take a gander at how these requirements are recognized and I should cover: Customer demands recorded as a hard copy Customer solicitations to agents of associations verbally (up close and personal or phone) Recognition of implicit needs Customer type one: Families In the event that a family was too expressly stated in a solicitation, since they may have small kids, they might compose their solicitations to me in an email in view of comfort and time. For instance: a mother and father of two little youngsters won't have the opportunity to come into the trip specialists to plunk down and mention to me what sort of occasion they might want. In this manner by sending me an email with the solicitations they might want, it would spare a great deal of time, and I can look into the entirety of the data for them and react back to them by means of email. We will compose a custom paper test on Client Needs and Expectations or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Client type two: Couples If a youthful couple might want to go on a brief break or an occasion, they would come into the trip specialist and plunk down with me also disclose to me where they might want to go and what sort of occasion they might want. For instance: a youthful couple from Central London might want to book an occasion for early December. They come into the trip specialist and plunk down with me and mention to me what kind of occasion they might want. In the wake of gazing upward and examining various occasions, they would settle on a choice and ideally book the occasion. In the event that they might want more opportunity to consider it, I would give them a couple of broachers to bring home with them while they pondered it. Client type two: Elderly couple An old couple are destined to come into the trip specialists and plunk down with me to talk about the occasion they might want to go on. Subsequent to talking about a couple of occasions, I would suggest an occasion. E. g. I would state ‘there is a stunning estate in Spain that is on offer right now that is about a large portion of a mile away from the sea shore. In the event that one of the couples were to state that they have been to Spain previously and it was excessively hot, or that their accomplice couldn't walk far, that would be known as an acknowledgment of implicit needs, implying that they might want to go to a goal that is at a cooler atmosphere or they might want to remain in convenience closer to the sea shore. Client type four: Disabled People that have a handicap can speak with me in any capacity, I. e. up close and personal, by means of email or on the phone. In the event that a client was to call me and request data on various occasions however said that they were debilitated, I would understand this would mean they would be an implicit need, and they would require unique help. For instance if a woman who needed to book an occasion and was visually impaired or outwardly weakened, I would realize that they would require maps or signs to be set up in Brail and raised floors so they know when they are excessively near a pool. Undertaking 2b †clarify how travel and acknowledgment of their needs. The travel industry associations meet and surpass client desires utilizing models from organizations in the movement and the travel industry that you have explored. At the point when our organization (VA) perceive client needs, the clients can be face for face with one of our agents, have an online talk with one of our delegates or compose their solicitations too us. We address client issues by ensuring that the entirety of the flights work on schedule, aircraft staff are consistently accessible for help and consistently ensure that clients are stayed up with the latest with significant data, for example, flight times, flight deferrals and check in times. The way that we address these issues are by keeping staff refreshed with data, standard declarations for clients at the air terminals and ensuring that arrivals/take off are arranged appropriately to stay away from delays if conceivable. Assignment 2c †break down how travel and the travel industry associations meet and surpass the client needs and desires through the acknowledgment of their needs. You ought to extend the connections between needs, ID of requirements and having the option to meet and surpass clients desires. Here at Virgin Atlantic, we distinguish and address client issues through client review polls/remark cards and client discussions/center gatherings. At the point when the review polls or remark cards have been perused by a part for our staff, typically the client care administrator, they at that point investigate the entirety of the remarks to discover territories of progress so as to address client issues. For instance, if various clients have griped about staff not knowing clear data I. e. bearings around the air terminal, costs of items or check in times, that would disclose to us that our staff are unequipped to support our clients. From this, we will at that point need to acknowledge and work our a method to get more data into our staff so as to address the issues of our clients all the more effectively. This should be possible from multiple points of view, anyway the best one for this circumstance is hold normal morning/evening gatherings to keep staff refreshed with data. At the point when we surpass client desires, we like to go that additional mile by giving out clients more inside and out data. A case of this would be the point at which a client solicits just the time from their flight, we like to ensure that our staff will completely illuminate our clients regarding their flight time, loading up time, door number and if there will be any deferrals. At the Martime Museum (NMM) they meet and surpass clients desires by ensuring that the organization works as expected. The entirety of the staff are allowed a multi day acceptance and afterward on-going preparing expert grams are offered to all staff. All staff are completely prepared and new individuals from staff are collaborated with an accomplished colleague to meet the entirety of the clients needs. At NMM there are client remark cards, client studies and center gatherings to guarantee that the association recognizes what their clients need and if there are any objections being made. For a model if the exhibition hall had various protests about staff not having enough item information/data I. e. foundation history of the territory they were working in, that would tell the supervisors/proprietors that their staff are unequipped to support their clients. From this data, they work their approach to getting more information into their staff. This should be possible from multiple points of view yet the best way is give the staff all the more preparing and hold gatherings normally o ensure that they have satisfactory information to be working with the clients. Step by step instructions to refer to Customer Needs and Expectations, Papers

Film Festival Start Ups :: Movies Films Film Festivals Essays

Film Festival Start ups Silicon Valley decently overflows with life and vitality. Wherever you look new organizations, thoughts and developments are moving and on the ascent. Welcome to the place where there is new businesses; little organizations with a fantasy who endure and flourish by ability, karma and sheer relentlessness. While the term typically portrays cutting edge ideas, new companies have large amounts of the Valley - from the little providing food organization on the comer to the local printing shop down the road to the neighborhood film celebration. Indeed, it's hard to believe, but it's true - film celebration. The Local Scene Film celebration as a rule invokes pictures of stretch limos, sparkling beginnings and raging paparazzi. Think Cannes or Sundance and you prepare to stun the world spending plans, huge personalities and big-time Hollywood dominate. Considerably littler, progressively neighborhood celebrations have similar suggestions. Take the San Francisco International Film Festival. Hero of such untouchable interests as gay rights, and American Indians well before those ideas got worthy, SFIFF has mellowed with development. Called the dim woman of nearby fests by Dennis Harvey in Variety (June 30, 1997), the SFIFF keeps on supporting worldwide assorted variety, yet with all the more a renowned, elitist environment. The air, obviously, has gotten increasingly rarified in San Francisco. The second biggest film celebration in the Bay Area, the Mill Valley Festival has a considerably more loosened up environment. Be that as it may, even inside this climate, a portion of the requirement for standard ac knowledgment and cash will in general seep through. New businesses appear to have two predeterminations - brilliant achievement or complete disappointment, with minimal center ground. Other film celebrations have wandered into the Silicon Valley previously. The greater part of them had brilliant possibilities - toward the start. The Santa Cruz Festival, the San Jose Film Festival and the Monterey Film Festival, all demonstrated extraordinary guarantee, and none made it to a third year. The Santa Cruz Festival ran from 1982 to 1985, and kicked the bucket of flighty taking care of. Some portion of the Santa Cruz enchant is its devotion causes, its wild freedom and the vibe that meets up with single word - Burkenstocks. Sadly, the wild, flighty and genuinely chaotic propensity that adds appeal to the city murdered the film celebration. With fiercely flighty programming that could confound even committed fans and the demise of celebration discovered Les Goldman in 1986, the Santa Cruz Festival spent into the night. In 1984 San Jose made its wound at a celebration. The Cinema of the Fantastic concentrated on sci-fi and dream first and foremost.

How BAC Is Measured and How It Can Affect Your Body

How BAC Is Measured and How It Can Affect Your Body Addiction Alcohol Use Print How Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Impairs Your Body and Brain By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on September 19, 2019 DarrenMower /E+ / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a measurement of the percentage of alcohol thats in your bloodstream after youve been drinking. Your BAC, rather than the exact amount of alcohol youve consumed, will determine the effects the alcohol will have on you. In all states,  the legal limit to drive is any number below .08. Factors That Affect BAC Body sizeBiological sexPhysical conditionMedications you takeWhat youve eaten (and when)How much sleep youve hadAlcohol content of your drinks As BAC increases, so does the level of alcohol-related impairment you will experience. While a breathalyzer gives fast results and is often used by police officers who suspect that an individual has been driving while drunk, it is not as accurate as measuring the amount of alcohol in your blood.?? How BAC Is Calculated To calculate BAC, the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream is measured in milligrams (mg) of alcohol per 100 milliliters (ml) of blood. It is usually expressed as a decimal such as 0.08 or 0.15. For example,  a BAC of 0.10% means that an individual’s blood supply contains one part alcohol for every 1,000 parts blood. How BAC Affects Impairment The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides the following chart which illustrates how alcohol consumption and BAC can impact behavior, judgment, physiology, and driving ability.?? BAC Standard Drink Equivalent Typical Effects Predicted Effects on Driving 0.02% ~2 alcoholic drinks Some loss of judgment, relaxation, slight body warmth, altered mood Decline in visual functions (rapid tracking of moving target) and ability to perform two tasks at the same time (divided attention) 0.05% ~3 alcoholic drinks Exaggerated behavior, loss of small-muscle control (e.g., focusing your eyes), impaired judgment, lowered alertness, release of inhibition Reduced coordination, reduced ability to track moving objects, difficulty steering, reduced response to emergency driving situations 0.08% ~4 alcoholic drinks Poor muscle coordination (e.g., balance, speech, vision, reaction time, hearing), difficulty detecting danger, impaired judgment, self-control, reasoning, and memory Loss of concentration, short-term memory loss, impaired speed control, reduced information processing capability (e.g., signal detection, visual search), impaired perception 0.10% ~4 alcoholic drinks Clear deterioration of reaction time and control, slurred speech, poor coordination, slowed thinking Reduced ability to maintain lane position and brake appropriately 0.15% ~7 alcoholic drinks Far less muscle control than normal, potential for vomiting, major loss of balance Substantial impairment in vehicle control, attention to driving task, and visual and auditory processing The number of drinks listed represents the approximate amount of alcohol that a 160-pound man would need to drink in one hour to reach the listed BAC in each category. A standard drink is equal to 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. Generally, this amount of pure alcohol is found in: 12 ounces of beer (5% alcohol content)8 ounces of malt liquor (7% alcohol content)5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol content)1.5 ounces or a “shot” of 80-proof (40% alcohol content) distilled spirits or liquor (e.g., gin, rum, vodka, whiskey) Your blood alcohol level results may be given in different ways, including the percentage of blood alcohol content (BAC). Typical results include: Sober:  0.0% BACLegally intoxicated:  .08% BACVery impaired:  .08â€"0.40% BAC. You may have difficulty walking and speaking. Other symptoms may include confusion, nausea, and drowsiness.At risk for serious complications:  Above .40% BAC. An individual with this blood alcohol level may be at risk for coma or death. A blood alcohol test is only accurate within 6 to 12 hours after your last drink. If you have concerns about your results, you may want to talk to a health care provider and/or a lawyer. How Blood Alcohol Content Works

Jamaica - 1187 Words

FDI Assignment As a group of American investors, we’re introducing the idea of bringing solar energy to the island of Jamaica. Our initial objective is to provide an efficient yet safe means of energy to the Caribbean island. The efforts towards introducing solar energy to the population of Jamaica will provide many of its underprivileged citizens with an efficient and reliable means of energy for their everyday lives. Our business, Global Energy Investment, is based in Miami, Florida and has been around for the past 15 years, participating in business initiatives such as exporting venture capital as well as trade and export. We looked for opportunities where we can be an asset to nations in hopes of not only improving the lives of†¦show more content†¦Jamaica’s representation as our host country is due in part to its yearning desire to attract more foreign investment. Since 1998, the Jamaican government has liberated its market in hopes of attracting foreign investors. By 2005, Jamaica created a Free Trade of Americans opening its borders and relieving its trade barriers for U.S. products. Some tax incentives include the Tax Relief Act which provides incentives to those who invest in infrastructure development and provides repatriation of funds. Jamaica Overview According to the United Department of State, Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea behind Cuba and Hispaniola. Its geographical area is 10,991 sq. km (4,244 sq. mi.) It estimated population is 2,668,380 and has three major cities: Kingston the capital, Montego Bay, and Spanish Town. Its Terrain is Mountainous and coastal plains, and contains great Tropical climate. Jamaica has two official languages: English and Patois/Creole. In addition, Jamaica is well known for its Reggae music and for its beautiful beaches with crystal clear water. Jamaica became independence in 1962 and formed a Democratic Constitutional Parliament System of government similar to the United Kingdom (UK) Common Law or Commonwealth Systems. The same source continued to explain that the United of America and Canada are the closest proximity developed countries to the Caribbean SeaShow MoreRelatedThe Island Of Jamaica, Jamaica1464 Words   |  6 Pagesproject I chose the island of Jamaica, a place that I have been longing to visit for quite sometime. Jamaica is an island that is a part of the Greater Antilles located 90 miles south of Cuba and 100 miles west of Haiti. The island has an area of 4,243 square miles and a 635-mile coastline. This beautiful island is covered in rugged mountains, with some being volcanic, and has its highest peak on Blue Mountain at 7,401 feet! (Briney) As of July 2014 the population of Jamaica is 2,930,050 people, whichRead MoreJamaica Is The Country Of Jamaica1125 Words   |  5 Pages Jamaica is an island country sitting in the middle of the beautiful Caribbean Sea. This island is 10,990 square kilometers and is currently home to 2,950,210 Jamaican citizens (Rogers). The population density is 252 citizens per kilometer squared and is growing at a rate of 0.4 percent. In regard to the size of the island, Jamaica is the fourth largest island in the Caribbean Sea. According to a The World Factbook: Jamaica, Jamaica’s terrain consists of mostly rocky mountains with narrow discontinuousRead MoreCulture Analysis : Jamaica. Jamaica1394 Words   |  6 Pageson is Jamaica. Jamaica is a third world country located in North America and the 3rd largest island in the Caribbean Sea. There is a 2.5 million population, which equally divided between urban and rural areas. The country runs approximately 146 miles long and varies between 21- 52 miles wide. The climate is tropical and its main tourist attraction is their beautiful beaches. The capital of Jamaica is Kingston, which has a population of more than 645,000. Kingston is the chief port of Jamaica and isRead MoreJamaica1862 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Left blank intentionally. JAMAICA Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. Jamaica has a long history of census taking, and currently holds a census every ten years. The last census took place in July 2011, which showed a total of 2,697,983 residents in the country.  The largest cities in Jamaica with populations as of 2011 are: Kingston (Kingston Parish): 937,000, Portmore (Saint Catherine): 182,000Read More Jamaica Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesknown to its natives as â€Å"Xaymeca†, has come a long way in becoming the independent nation known today as Jamaica. In the Sea of many islands known as the West Indies, Jamaica stands peaceful, welcoming tourist and expanding rapidly. From an early age my passion for the island and its culture has grown strong. From a brief history, through a look into the present day culture and society of Jamaica, my fascination with the island will bares true meaning. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between the brokenRead MoreEuropeans in Jamaica1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhen did they come? Jamaica was first colonized by a native group of South American origin who, in the early history of Jamaica, called their home a paradise of wood and water. The Arawak were there to greet Christopher Columbus when he arrived in Jamaica in 1494, beginning a long period of European colonization there. The history of Jamaica as a European outpost saw the island under Spanish rule for 150 years, during which the city now known as Spanish Town was established and flourished as theRead MoreVacation in Jamaica1370 Words   |  6 Pagesa lifetime vacation in Jamaica. Since my husband and I got married in May of 2010, we did not have a honeymoon or a vacation. So my husband Ryan and I came to a decision that we are going to take this opportunity and spend lavishes on a combo vacation. This trip was once in a lifetime vacation in Jamaica, and we were very excited, I felt like a little kid waiting for my very first candy. Ryan and I went ahead and book our vacation at Sandals, in Montego Bay, Jamaica. There was so much toRead MorePoverty Of The Country Of Jamaica1441 Words   |  6 Pages In the film Life and Debt, the country of Jamaica is a prime example of how governments not having involvement in their money creates larger inequalities. When tourists visit Jamaica they are excited to find out one US dollar exchanges for one hundred and twenty-seven Jamaican dollars, but tourists don’t realize their newly traded money is a result of many devaluations imposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF got involved with Jamaica because the country was unable to be stableRead MoreNorway, Cuba, And Jamaica1319 Words   |  6 Pages My country’s populations that I will inform about are Norway, Cuba, and Jamaica. Norway is in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Cuba is a part of the Caribbean Sea, west of Haiti across the Windward Passage on and south of the Bahamas. Jamaica is island in the Caribbean Sea, which is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. These countries have very diverse cultures and populations due to many factors in each country. Norway has a populationRead MoreJamaica and Its New Experience663 Words   |  3 PagesThe government of Jamaica has announced that it hopes to gain major foreign investment and create many jobs through the development of a ‘logistics hub’. The government believes that Jamaica’s geographical position will allow it to become an important part of the global value chain by serving at least some of the estimated 12,500 ships that will be passing through the Panama Canal as of 2015. According to information published on the government’s official website: With major investments and

Enterprise-Rent A Car Analysis - 740 Words

Santander is the Spanish capital of Cantabria, a port city located on the northern coast of Spain. It is most famous internationally for being the birthplace of the famous Banco Santander, but there is much more to the city than just finance. Santander has a rich cultural history and a grand cathedral, alongside such landmarks as the Lighthouse of Cabo Mayor. More recent modernisation has made Santander one of Spains first ever Smart Cities, with vital services run by sensors and computers. Whatever the reason for your visit, Enterprise-Rent-A-Car will provide the transport you need to get around. With two branches at either end of the city, well get you on the road as quickly as possible. Find us at Santander Train Station close to the†¦show more content†¦The airport primarily handles domestic flights within Spain, but it also provides transit to and from other major airports in the EU. It is a relatively busy airport, but not particularly large. If you need a rental car i n a hurry after disembarking, Enterprise runs one branch (Santander Airport) located outside the main airport terminal. You can find us on the main N-636 road loop, off of the S-10 road approaching the building. Attractions in Santander Santander is well known for its impressive beaches and lighthouse alongside the religious and architectural heritage of the city. In particular, the Penisula of Magdalena is famous as a beautiful natural landscape. If you want to spend some time at the seaside, the Playa Primera de El Sardinero is the best-regarded beach in the city. The cathedral, palace, and grand casino of Santander are also famous tourist destinations if youre looking to do something indoors. The more modern parts of the city to the south also contain a decent range of retail and grocery outlets. Places to Visit Outside of Santander The modestly-sized city of Santander is only a short distance by road from a number of other important Spanish cities and national parks. The market towns of Astillero, Sollares, and Torrelavega are all nearby, and all contain pleasant walks, hotels, and more opportunities to shop. If youre looking for outside activities, the nearby Naturaleza de Cabà ¡rceno Park contains incredible views and hiking trailsShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Rent-a-Car Marketing Case Analysis Essay2679 Words   |  11 PagesEnterprise Rent-A-Car | Case # 1 | Enterprise Rent-A-Car has started its operations in 1962 by establishing and successfully developing a new niche in the car renting industry. The business had strictly focused on replacing local citizens’ cars due to repairs. Later on Enterprise started to serve two additional segments, leisure discretionally rentals and business rentals. Newly launched segments were successful; however the main focus of Enterprise continued to be the initialRead MoreEnterprise Case Study Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment for Course: MKT5017- Delivering Superior Customer Value Submitted to: Donovan McFarlane Submitted by: Paige Chin- paige.chin@live.com Date of Submission: July 25, 2012 Title of Assignment: Case Analysis 1- Enterprise Rent A Car CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used dataRead MoreA Closer Look At Enterprise Rent A Car Essay1979 Words   |  8 PagesDefining the Industry In this industry analysis, we will be taking a closer look at Enterprise Rent-A-Car, which operates in the car rental industry. This industry consists of firms who rent automobiles to consumers for a short period of time. This company is a part of the larger corporation called Enterprise Holdings Inc. and is considered to be their flagship brand (enterpriseholdings.com). According to Enterprise Holdings, Enterprise Rent-A-Car is the largest car rental firm in the U.S. and has overRead MoreEnterprise rent a Car Strategy3278 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Enterprise Rent-A-Car is one of the largest car rental companies in North America. It specializes in providing customers temporary or a replacement vehicle. Jack Taylor founded the company in 1957 where he started Enterprise Rent-A-Car as an Executive Leasing Company with only seven cars. The company began leasing cars for longer periods. Later on executive leasing launched itself as a short-term rental operation with 17 cars plus a car sales division. That’s when the company changed its nameRead MoreOlympic rent a car1836 Words   |  8 PagesOLYMPIC RENT-A-CAR US CASE STUDY STUDENT: JOSÉ FILIPE SOUSA CARVALHO SUMMARY Olympic is a US rent-a-car company facing some changes in the market it operates. A competitor company (Enterprise) is changing its loyalty program. Olympic managers have to evaluate the impact of those changes and to take actions in order to respond correctly to those changes without losing market share and if possible taking advantage of the situation. The aim of this study is to evaluate those changes and to proposeRead MoreThe Competitive Forces Challenging Hertz1642 Words   |  7 PagesExternal Analysis Based on the results of Porter’s model, the following are the competitive forces challenging Hertz (Appendix A). Competitive Forces Firstly, Hertz faces low threat of entry from the competitors. As Hertz serves in the car rental and equipment rental industry it has low barriers to entry due to need of excessive amount of startup cost and through product differentiation. With the company’s excellent economy of scale the new entrants might find difficult to survive. By aiming atRead MoreOverstock.com Company Analysis852 Words   |  3 Pagesintermediary. Their products are for sale to customers at wholesale or less wholesale prices. The goods for sale include bed-and-bath supplies, home appliances, kitchen utensils, watches, jewelry, gadgets, sporting merchandise, clothes and accessories. SWOT Analysis Strengths The source of Overstock.com’s power on its expansion plans come from their skilled executive team and large funds set aside to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities. Among the online retailers at present, the prices of their merchandiseRead MoreFlower of Service Markrting1270 Words   |  6 Pages  that   flower   service   play   would   be   used    in   my   basis   of   analysis   at   the   end   of   this   report.                                 First   we   look   at   a   High   contact   service   that   I   have   personally   experience   first    hand,   which   is   Enterprise.   A   car   rental   service   that   has   its   core   product   that   offers   a Read MoreEnterprise Rent a Car Essay1944 Words   |  8 Pages1-0 SUMMARY Jack Taylor began his business of Enterprise Rent-A-Car in 1962 in St. Louis, Missouri. Following the successfully philosophy of, Take care of your customers and employees first, and profits will follow, Enterprise grew steadily to become the nation’s largest rent-a-car company. What separated Enterprise from its other competitors such as Hertz, Avis, and Alamo was the fact that the company focused on two segments of the home-city market rather than appealing to the airport-rentalRead MoreBusiness3599 Words   |  15 Pagescustomer service policy 3 1.2 The purposes of evaluating a customer service policy, indicating how this can assist future staff training and development 4 2.2 Evaluation of different communication methods and how these used to best effect 5 2.2 Analysis on customer perception is influenced by customer service provision 5 3.1 Sources of information on customer requirements and satisfaction levels 6 3.2 Carry out research on customer requirement and satisfaction levels for a selected business, suggesting

Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion Free Essays

Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion NME The New Musical Express also known as the NME is a popular music publication in the United Kingdom. NME has published weekly since March 1952. It started as a music newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine during the 1980s. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Market PenetrationMarket Penetration that NME has done is created a magazine yearly subscription this is market penetration because the product is not being changed its just offering a new way of being able to purchase the product. It still appeals to the same market and people who read and by the magazine. Product DevelopmentOne way that NME has developed its products are to host stages at festivals, with bands that they support. They advertise their products through this stage and at Reading and Leeds festival these having become well known stages. | Market DevelopmentA type of market development that NME has done is creating NME. com, a website which holds the same content as the magazine but appeals to people who use the internet a lot rather than buying a magazine. | Diversification One way that NME has used diversification is by sponsoring a UK tour known as the NME Tour. These tours appeal to different people and it is a completely new product. | Existing Products New Products Survival Strategies NME stays on top of the market by without fail having a weekly edition to the magazine with new and exclusive information in the music scene. It gives updates on top flight bands, as well as looking at new and upcoming music artists which makes it different to many other magazines. The magazine also runs regular competitions to win tickets to music events, which appeals to the customers as it is a music magazine. NME also advertises a large amount and has its own radio station and TV programme, which they use to advertise their main products being the magazines and ticket sales. Relationship Marketing NME uses relationship marketing in a way by creating monthly subscriptions to avid readers at a cheaper price. The weekly price of the magazine is ? 2. 20 however you can get a monthly subscription of the magazine for just ? 6. 50 a month which annually saves the customer 36%. This is a good saving and customers can be enticed to subscribe by the savings, also the longer you subscribe to the magazine the better savings you gain. Another way NME uses relationship marketing is by offering customers free CD’s and posters with the magazine this makes the customers feel as if they are getting more for their money and keeps them more happy as they are receiving more than they usually pay for when buying the magazine. Branding NME uses brand extension by creating one of magazine specials which cost more and include large amounts specific information these magazines appeal mostly to people how are interested in that certain topic. NME uses brand positioning because it is the only magazine that looks at up and coming bands instead of just well known artists, it is also mainly focused on the alternative genre of music. NME builds their brand by having events such as the NME awards this gains a large amount of publicity and helps NME gain customers and also informs the public about the music that they report on. Wilkinson Wilkinson is a British high street discount chain with over 300 stores, selling primarily home wares and household goods. Founded in 1930 Wilkinson Cash Stores by James Kemsey Wilkinson, the company has remained largely in the hands of the founding family since. Market PenetrationAn example of Wilkinson’s Market penetration is that in the 1950s there was a rise in the use of labour saving devices and DIY. Wilkinson responded by making this type of product the focus of its sales. They did this by ensuring that their products were a lot cheaper than the rest of the market. | Product DevelopmentOne way that Wilkinson has developed its products are In the 1960s customers wanted more convenience shopping. Wilkinson started selling groceries and supermarket goods and created the Wilko brand. In the 1980s Wilkinson extended its range of low-cost products to include quality clothing, toys, toiletries and perfumes. | Market DevelopmentA way that Wilkinson have developed there market is in 1995 it opened a central distribution centre in Worksop, serving stores in the north of England and in 2004, a new distribution centre opened in Wales. This is because they are creating new markets by opening more stores across the UK. | Diversification In 2005 Wilkinson launched its Internet shopping service, offering over 800,000 product lines for sale online. It created new products to sell online which will appeal to a different market. | Existing Products New Products Relationship Marketing Wilkinson wanted to satisfy customers with their needs met by the Wilkinson range of products. A marketing campaign was launched which focused on a range of promotional tactics, designed to appeal to university students. Wilkinson attended fresher’s fairs and gave out free goody bags with sample products directly to students. Direct mail flyers were sent to homes and student halls prior to students arriving. Advertisements with a fun theme for example, an advert showing frying pans as tennis racquets, offering discounts of 15% with first purchase using the online store. They were given gift vouchers and free wall planners. The challenge was to get students into Wilkinson stores. The opportunity was to capture a new customer group at an early stage and provide essential items all year round. This would lead to a committed customer group and secure business. Survival Strategies Wilkinson attempts to stay on top of its market by always having the cheapest products which maintain a good quality for the cost they are. Their main competitors are places such as Poundland however these shops are 99p stores therefore Wilkinson has the edge over these shops as it is deemed as better quality products because they are more expensive however still cheaper than majority of stores. They also now offer home delivery and online shopping compared to smaller competitors none of them do this, so they are also providing better service than other stores. They regularly hold offers for customers making the shop even more appealing using BOGOF and half price techniques to draw in customers. Branding Wilkinson use their own brands to appeal to customers these are more cheaper products and they create a range of different products such as dinnerware to towels. They call these products Wilkinson Premium Ranges which make them seem like they are a cheap alternative to other places and the name premium makes them seem that they are at a higher quality. Wilkinson stores are of an average quality and serve the purpose in which they need to, products are on display in store for customers to use and the store are set out into sections being food, home ware, health and beauty and children’s toys. How to cite Introduction to Marketing and Creative Product Promotion, Essay examples

Fair Value Accounting For Financial Instruments

Question: Discuss about a Report on Fair Value Accounting For Financial Instruments? Answer: Introduction Barrow (2011) opines that for every business organization, financial statement analysis is of great essence. An effective analysis of the financial statements helps a business organization to evaluate their respective future business strategies in accordance to their financial health status. This report will highlight the financial status of the organization Universal Health Services and based their financial status, several recommendations will be given. The organization is one of the largest health and social business firms in United States and is listed as New York Stock Exchange (Uhsinc.com, 2015) Review of the financial statements The major financial statements of the organization are income statement, balance sheet and cash flows. The total amount of cash flows has a direct impact on the working capital management of the organization. From the income statement, the total amount of expenses and receipts are derived. The profit derived from the income statements is added to the balance sheet of a respective firm. In case of Universal Health Services, the total amount of cash flows is positive that is $1036 which is also higher than the previous years. The financial statements of the organization reflect that the net revenue of the organization is $8065 million in the financial year 2014 which is higher than the previous years. The profit margin of the organization is also on the higher side with $545 million in the financial year of 2014 which is higher than the previous financial years. The earnings per share of the organization have also increased considerably with 5.21 per share. In terms of financial ratios, the current ratio of Universal Health Services is 1.11, while the debt equity ratio of the organization is 0.86. The organization has performed well in comparison with the last financial year of 2013, where its current ratio was 1.07 and debt equity ratio was 0.99. In terms of efficiency ratios of the organization, the inventory turnover ratio of the organization is on the lower side, with 8.53 which is may lower than in the year of 2013 (44.08). This reflects that the organization is inefficient in the management of inven tory. Though, the total amount of sales and net profit has increased, but, the return on equity ratio of the organization has declined from 17.13 to 15.61 from 2013 to 2014. However, the working capital is on the higher side, though the management of inventory is lower. Therefore, the current status of the financial statements will have a major impact on the various stakeholders group of the organization that is the employees, investors and shareholders (Financials.morningstar.com, 2015). Employees- The employees will be happy as the profitability of the organization Universal Health Services has increased and the organization is successfully expanding its branches with proper sources of income. In addition to this, the financial reports of the organization also reflect that the salaries and wages of the employees have increased in the financial year 2014 in comparison with the last financial year. This is a very good sign for the employees. On the contrary, the long term debt of the organization has increased and goodwill has declined. This can play a negative impact on the mindset of the employees. Investors- The return on equity of the firm has declined in comparison with the financial year of 2013. This will have a negative impact as return on equity reflects upon the percentage of return on the capital invested by the investors of the firm. The debt-equity ratio of the firm is on the lower side, which may have a positive effect upon the investors (Eun Resnick, 2012). Shareholders- The share prices of Universal Health Services are increasing at an increasing rate. Presently, the share price is 142.83 which were around 81.33 in the year 2014. This further suggests that the shareholders of the organization will be happy with the performance of the organization in the share markets. However, the return on shareholders equity is lower and the long term debt has also increased. Therefore the share prices may fall in the future based on their fundamentals (Madura, 2012). Current industry trends effecting the financial performance The current industry trends among the hospital industry reflect about the fraudulent claims from the patients. This has direct impact on the value of inventory and amount of goodwill of the organization. Another impact is regarding with the code and conduct of the hospital industry. This may have a negative impact on the customers due to several false and fraudulent claims. Therefore, it is recommended that the organization Universal Health Services needs to minimize the amount of false claims on the customers and improve their status of goodwill on the eyes of the stakeholders. This will further have a positive impact over the performance of Universal Health Services (Schnbohm, 2013). Recommended strategy to improve financial performance The organization Universal Health Services needs to improve the price of their inventories in order to improve their inventory turnover ratio. The organization also requires nullifying safety stock within their inventory system. This will also increase the sales of the firm and will further improve the return on equity and return on capital employed. The management of Universal Health Services needs to implement better forecasting techniques to minimize the variances of the financial performance. In addition to this, the organization needs to fulfil the requirements of all their stakeholders to improve their long term financial performance. Apart from this, the organization may also improve their short term working capital cycle to meet short term requirements. The organization may also cut down their operating expenses in order to improve its profit margin (Barrow, 2011). The organization can implement the given strategies by proper division of short term and long term requirements. In addition to this, the organization may implement the FIFO method in order to clear off their inventory by a large percentage. In addition to this, the organization may give more amounts of returns to the shareholders by declaring a higher rate of dividend. This will also fulfil the requirements of the stakeholders by a large extent (Blankespoor, et al. 2013). Conclusion It is concluded that financial analysis plays an effective role to design the strategic objectives of any organization. The information resources that were used annual reports, company websites and financial sites. Several strategies have been recommended for the organization Universal Health Services in terms of its financial performance in the last financial year. References Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T. J., Petroni, K. R., Shakespeare, C. (2013). Fair Value Accounting For Financial Instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?.The Accounting Review,88(4), 1143-1177. Barrow, C. (2011). Practical financial management. London: Kogan Page. Bekaert, G., Hodrick, R. (2012). International financial management. Boston: Pearson. Eun, C., Resnick, B. (2012). International financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Madura, J. (2012). International financial management. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Ramsden, P. (2011). Financial Management. London: Hodder Education. Financials.morningstar.com,. (2015). Growth, Profitability, and Financial Ratios for Universal Health Services Inc Class B (UHS) from Morningstar.com. Retrieved 7 July 2015, from https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=UHS Lasher, W. R. (2013).Practical financial management. Cengage Learning. Schnbohm, A. (2013).Performance measurement and management with financial ratios: the BASF SE case(No. 72). Working Papers of the Institute of Management Berlin at the Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin). Uhsinc.com,. (2015). Annual Report Archive - Universal Health Services. Retrieved 7 July 2015, from https://www.uhsinc.com/about-us/uhs-annual-report-archive/

Aggression Essays (3619 words) - Aggression, Dispute Resolution

Aggression Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Aggressive behavior is defined by Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.(9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended, and physical or mental. Aggression can take numerous forms, the act of hitting a wall to release aggression has some of the same roots as playing football and enjoying hitting the quarterback. A child yelling at his parents could be equated, in its aggressiveness, with hitting one's horn when one is cut off on 495. Aggression is also a relative construct. What might seem like a terribly aggressive act to one person, most often the victim, might seem like an induced response to the perpetrator.(3) Psychologist Arlene Stillwell performed an experiment where she assigned ordinary college students at random to play the role of a victim or a perpetrator in a small incident. Then she asked the students to describe the situation that had just transpired. What she found was that both victims and perpetrators deformed the truth equally to present their sides in a better light. Victims would dwell on their lasting traumas from the incident while the perpetrator might make the act seem like a one-time action provoked by insurmountable circumstances. The resulting implication is that aggression is in the eye of the beholder.(3) Due to its relative nature aggression is extremely hard to isolate and study. Some acts are very easy to categorize as aggressive, a first degree murder or first degree rape, but is negligent manslaughter aggressive? The mere act of not shoveling one's sidewalk might have the same effect as a cold-blooded murder but is it an aggressive act? For the purposes of this paper aggression will be related to the four conditions presented by Gerda Siann. They are as follows; 1. The person carrying out that behavior, the aggressor, does so with intention. 2. The behavior is taking place within an interpersonal situation which is characterized by an accumulated distress or a opposition. 3. The aggressor intends by the behavior in question to gain a greater advantage than the person on the other side of the aggression. 4. The aggressor carrying out the behavior has either provoked the situation or moved the conflict unto a higher degree of strength.(11) Aggression has numerous reasons and consequences both must be analyzed in order to see from whence it arises. An explicit example of the strength of both nature and nurture concerning aggression is the life of Kody Scott, a young gang member of California. He was already a gang member in middle school, and would not have been had the gang not already been in place when he graduated from elementary school - thus environment's role in aggressive behavior, but one fateful day when he stole a car to get to the hospital for the birth of his first child, he intentionally detoured through the neighborhood of a rival gang and killed a rival gang member. The detour he deliberately took was a conscious decision and not provoked by the environment - hence nature's toll on his aggressive act.(3) Aggression is usually associated with negative aspects of the world.(3) This is not necessarily true, though. Negativity is but half of the nature of aggression. Aggression can have very positive results. For example, a non-aggressive hockey player gets thrown around and will therefore not perform very well in an bellicose sport. On the other hand an aggressive player will not allow himself to be thrown around like the aforementioned player and will most likely win the small battles just based on the mentality of the player.(5) Another example of positive aspects of aggression might be a person's sexual aggressiveness might allow them to obtain a date to prom without any problem, whereas anyone much less aggressive person would be passive and wait for the person to approach them. One good aspects of aggressiveness might be ambitiousness or assertiveness, an aggressive person is more likely to get what they need done as opposed

Netaji Apparel Park

Netaji Apparel Park Free Online Research Papers Tourism industry basically depicts the services offered by companies to its customers who choose to spend a leisure time taking break from their work or travel at their work or travel on honey moon or pilgrimage or studies or as a hobby with their friends or family. In the recent years travel and tourism companies have come up with services meeting the needs of the tourists in a more proactive way. Online ticket booking and offering of tourism packages online, resorts and home stays, medical tourism, spa are some of the developments in the area of travel and tourism. India has huge potential for growth in the domestic as well as international tourism. Though the industry to some extent depends upon the performance of other industries like IT / Electronics / Manufacturing / Automobiles and so on; it is necessary in the current scenario for companies to offer services / tourism packages so that the travel is not localized to few segments / clusters of the market. This helps companies to experience a steady growth in their business. A tourist would basically look at spending good time with friends / family during their travel period. Hence a company would ideally be interested in offering solutions to the customer depending upon the needs of the tourist like domestic tourism package / international package, adventure sports or wild life, pilgrimage or nature tourism, honeymoon packages, picnics for school kids and so on in an integrated efficient way at an affordable cost. Some of the problems / limitations faced by tourists are travel sickness, language, difference in food habits, crowd at tourism spots, family commitments, pollution, tourism period being seasonal, tourists being new to the tourism spot and so on. It is necessary for companies to address these issues so that people enjoy and have a good time during the tour. Looking at the way ahead domestic and international tourism, sports events like Common wealth games 2010 ICC Cricket world Cup 2011, medical tourism, identifying of new markets, introduction of innovative tourism packages with integrated service would help companies ensure a sustainable growth in the industry. Research Papers on Netaji Apparel ParkMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperGenetic Engineering

UPS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

UPS - Assignment Example UPS had set a record for collecting approximately $57.4 million for its philanthropic cause, exceeding its record in 2004. The company also donated a staggering $52.2 million in 2001 (Pasiuk, 2006, p. 141). The company is ranked higher than FedEx, as it designed more programs that benefit the society. In addition, UPS came up with more ingenious means of helping the community compared to FedEx. The company also aims to boost its profit as well as ensure the welfare of the community. On September 19, 2008, it launched a cargo finance, which is driven to help small clients that need funds (Matthew 2008). FedEx encourages its employees to remain â€Å"absolutely, positively† concentrated on the safety--the highest professional and ethical standards, and to the needs of clients and the communities. It consistently ranked as one of the most trusted and admired employers worldwide. However, it lags behind in its effort to poster the welfare of the society in comparison with UPS (Lawrence, Drzeniek, & Moavendeh,

Media Ethics Column Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Ethics Column Paper - Essay Example Creating unnecessary hype just to increase the viewership of the channel or a newspaper is not justified. Many channels, newspapers and magazines use theatrics when talking about certain issues and in this way try to gain attention of audiences. Media sensationalism comes in all forms. Documentaries and reality shows are also used to exaggerate things. Recently BBC was also accused of sensationalism when one of its documentary series showed twisted facts about the fish industry (Gray & Khan, 2010). Media also impact investor’s decision regarding stocks and commodities (Johnson, R. 2010). All these consequences cannot be ignored easily. Media has become a modern God who can bring fame or defame to anything or person. Sensationalism has also changed forms and with the use of emotional pictures public attention can easily be attracted (Bryant & Barton, 2011). Animated news is also used for attracting audiences (Hana, Albert. 2009). Media is an important pillar of society and it s hould take lesson from the utilitarian principle of ethics that call for the maximum benefit of the maximum people. The aim should be maximize the benefit by showing the true picture of the society. By creating unnecessary hype of news interest of the channel or the newspaper is served and this happens at the cost of the society.

Compare and contrast the theories

Compare and contrast the theories Part I 1. Compare and contrast the theories and basic treatment models of Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck. Include a discussion of the structure, theoretical/philosophical positions, therapist activity, demands on the client, and empirical support. Albert Elliss basic treatment model is rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). The theoretical basis of Elliss model is that individuals routinely cope with life issues by reconstructing their beliefs, affect, and behaviors in adaptation to the problem (Ellis, 2000). While this psychological process seems like a positive way to adapt in regards to an issue, many individuals inevitably construct poor beliefs and behave in a repetitive and maladaptive manner. Meaning, that not only does the problem still exist in one way or another, but that the behavior, or more specifically the schematic agenda, created by this poor cognitive process only adds to a schema that is poorly built. In this regard, the future result of the next problem will be dealt with poorly all over again due to a lack of introspection of the past consequences or possibly simply due to a lack of individual skills. Additionally, REBT considers that most individuals bring about problems for themselves by creating personal imperatives (Ellis, 2000). These personal imperatives involve internal statements that include: I will perform well to gain others approval, my life should be trouble-free and enjoyable, and everyone should treat me well (Ellis, 2005). In this manner, when these expectations (demands) are not met, individuals create their own affective misery. In response to this, therapists using REBT are expected to use a more directive manner than when using a psychodynamic approach, for example. Clients are shown how to acknowledge and then dispute within themselves their irrational beliefs. In addition, therapists not only give the clients unconditional acceptance, but the therapist must gives themself Unconditional Self-Acceptance (aka USA) (Ellis, 2005). Becks Cognitive therapy rests on the principle of collaborative empiricism (Hollon Beck, 2000). Cognitive therapy theorizes that clients have automatic thoughts and that these thoughts are incorrect beliefs, therefore, they create maladaptive behaviors (Wenzel, Brown, Beck, 2009). A cognitive therapist would teach their clients how to think more like a scientist by showing them that their beliefs are not necessarily facts. Meaning, client would collect data from their issues, their behaviors, and their consequences, and pseudo-empirically test their possibly irrational beliefs. Within this process, the hope is that the automatic thoughts will be addressed and corrected. Though, Becks Cog ­nitive therapy is somewhat different than Elliss Rational Emotive-Behavior Ther ­apy (REBT). While they both have their basis in the processes of cognition and how those thoughts motivate behavior, one could argue that REBT uses the influence of logic reasoning to change the clients schema (Hollon Beck, 2000). Also, Becks Cog ­nitive therapy differs from REBT because there is an emphasis in the testing of beliefs in-vivo from an empirical point of view. In either type of cognitive-based therapy, there are a large degree of empirical data that supports how effective CBT is. In fact, there are studies that suggest CBT is more effective than medication for depression (McGinn, 2000). 2. The First Wave was behavior therapy. The Second Wave was Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The Third Wave includes the works of Hayes and Linehan. Is the Third Wave a wave, a tsunami, or just a gentle lapping at the shore? How are these waves different? The first wave, Behavior therapy, is based upon the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning developed by B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-based therapy considers the behaviors antecedent and reaction, then viewing how the consequence is processed to influence the occurrence and the repetition of the same behavior (Skinner, 1969). The second wave involves the addition of the cognitive model. This model is based on how interpretations or misinterpretations are created and how they eventually relate to the individuals affective experiences and the behavior that is manifested. (Wenzel, Brown, Beck, 2009). The combination of behavioral and cognitive aspects in this wave is the use of reinforcers that are directly related to personal experiences. Meaning, that the exposure of thoughts, reinforcers, and behaviors to the client will help in the realization of negative thought patterns in relation to their situation. Thus, in the true essence of CBT, they will be ab le to scrutinize themselves, the world, and the future. The hope is that the client will work, with the therapist, towards beneficial life changes. The third wave is its own wave. This wave of Cognitive therapy was developed as a consequence of the restructuring process of the second wave of Cognitive Therapy. As described by Linehan Dimeff (2001), Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT) was created due to the failures of standard Cognitive and/or Behavioral therapy. It is suggested that too much emphasis was put on change the of individual which resulted in an invalidation of the client; an invalidation of the ability of the client to succeed when they have, in their perception, failed so much already. Therefore, a large conceptual part of DBT is skills training of emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, mindfulness, and distress tolerance (Linehan Dimeff, 2001, p. 1). DBT purposefully takes into account not only the change that needs to occur cognitively, but also the in the moment affect of the client. Concurrently with DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was created by Steven Hayes as a psychological intervention that also uses mindfulness but has a spotlight on personal acceptance (Hayes, 2009). Hayes coins a term called psychological flexibility, in where an individual is able to fully connect to themselves in spite of the changing situations and personal mood. With this flexibility in mind, the third wave CBT and the mindfulness concept differs from traditional second wave CBT due to highly dynamic approach that is expected from the therapist towards the client. Maybe too simply put, 2nd wave CBT focuses highly on »Ã‚ ¿ cognition while DBT focuses more on behavior and skills (or lack of). Therefore, the central aspect of the new third wave CBT is helping clients review and accept their thoughts in order to alter the maladaptive automatic reactions they have been using to cope. CBT is not just how your cognitions effect your behavior, but an attempt to understand the complex interconnection of schemas that produce reactions in all areas of functioning including: affect, physiology, and behavior (Claessens, 2010). 3. From your reading and research what would be the main points of agreement and difference between: 1) CBT, 2) psychodynamic therapy, and 3) family systems therapy. While psychodynamic therapy and family systems therapy agree that human development is largely determined by significant interpersonal relationships, and that this understanding is crucial to treatment, CBT places greater emphasis on the individual. The main focus of CBT is placed only on the person in therapy, their schemas, automatic thoughts, and cognitive distortions (Freeman Eig, n.d.). Conversely, psychodynamic theory revolves around feelings and behavior being determined by interactions with others. Transference plays a key role in understanding present patterns of behavior which originated in previous attachment-based relationships (Leichsenring, Hiller, Weissberg, Leibing, 2006). Psychodynamic psychotherapy aims to identify problematic relationships from the past and to provide the client with a safe, therapeutic relationship, as well as helping them build additional positive relationships. While family systems therapy also works within the context of attachment-based rela tionships, the focus is on the relational dynamics taking place in the moment. Family and couples therapists work with all affected people, together and separately, in order to address intrapersonal and interpersonal dysfunction (Liddle, 2010). CBT and psychodynamic therapy both address the clients core beliefs, though how these beliefs were formed is not necessarily crucial to CBT based treatment. Family systems puts the focus on developing positive interactions between family members. Meanwhile, relationships in family systems therapy are already established and occurring in the present (Liddle, 2010). Psychodynamic therapy focuses on harmful relationships of the past and understanding them, but not always focusing on building positive relationships in the future. While both the CBT and Psychodynamic approach attempt to diminish psychopathological symptoms and grief, a very central difference between CBT and psychodynamic therapy is that psychodynamic therapy attempts to determine at why you feel or behave the way you do. Specifically, psychodynamic therapy concentrates on trying to uncover the deep and often unconscious motivations for feelings and behavior whereas CBT does not necessarily consider this a priority you cant see whats ahead of you when youre looking over your shoulder (Freeman, 1993, 2011). In practice, CBT attempts to lessen the clients suffering as quickly as possible training their mind to replace maladaptive thought patterns, perceptions, and conduct with helpful ones in order to modify behavior and affect. Part II 1. How is structure used in CBT? What is the purpose of structuring the sessions? What techniques would be used to achieve the structure for the therapy and for the sessions? Structure in therapy can have several meanings. Structure could mean the format of the therapy as a whole, whether it would be very brief, short-term, or long-term. Structure could mean the environment of where therapy takes place, such as in a hospital or in a private office. However, the most relevant and crucial meaning of structure within CBT is the structure of the session. 45-50 minutes a week is not a great length of time, so the structure of CBT in practice should be designed to be as efficient as possible. Each session should be a meaningful exchange between therapist and client. The therapists and clients collaborative goals should always be center stage, but the set agenda needs to take precedence. As Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon (1990) notes, spending a few minutes each session is an asset to the therapeutic milieu and is possibly the most valuable technique in creating a environment of progression instead of digression. A typical structure of a session as described by Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon (1990) involves: agenda setting, a review of clients current status, consideration of events of the past week, requesting feedback regarding previous session, review any homework from the previous session, a focus on main agenda issues, develop any new homework, and once again looking for feedback regarding current session (p.17). Taking into consideration how the client and therapist envision the sessions while creating a agenda allows redirection of the client when the discussion goes off the expect path, but also reduces the likelihood that the client will feel pushed around or invalidated (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). Additionally, a client who is defensive, aggressive, or always in crisis may make the progression of the weekly session unstable when a joint program is not set (Persons, Davidson, Tompkins 2001). Therefore, the collaboration between client and therapist when setting the main agenda is essential. If this teamwork does not occur, in where the therapist decides completely the topic of the session, the client may not effectively grasp the meaningfulness of the session due to a lack of motivation because they do not feel involved. Additionally, a lack of review of the agenda with the client may also put the inexperienced therapist unsure of where to go next in the session (Persons, Davidson, Tompkins 2001). The termination of a session should not be an unexpected and sudden event for the client. A therapist must bring some sort of closure in relation to goals of the session while allowing sufficient time to address the ending of therapy and any issues the client still has. (Joyce, Piper, Ogrodniczuk, Klein (2007). Therefore, even with an opportunity for feedback about the previous session toward the beginning of a session, there should be a set time for feedback about the curren t session at the end of the therapy. In both instances, this time allows for a discussion of problems that may have occurred, such as errors in communication, misunderstandings, or general feedback from the client (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). 4. How is Narcissistic Personality Disorder defined, assessed, conceptualized, and treated? How does a therapist deal with this resistant patient? Narcissistic Personality Disorder is defined by cognitive processes that involve selective attention of the meaning of events and dichotomous thinking (Freeman, n.d.). This dysfunctional internal thought arrangement is due to the postulation that the individual considers themselves as special, or just better than others. However, from a psychodynamic perspective, the definition of the disorder changes a bit. Ledermann (1982), describes the disorder as something of an opposite of an individual who considers themselves as special or has a proclivity to engage in self-worship, it is the inability to love oneself and hence the inability to love another personThey are fixated on an early defense structure which springs into being in infancy-when, for whatever reasons, there is a catastrophically bad fit between the baby and the mother, frequently compounded by the lack of an adequate father and by other inimical experiences in childhood. Babies, thus deprived, grow into persons who lack t rust in other peopleThey experience their lives as futile and empty, and their feelings as being frozen or split off (p.303). This psychodynamic perspective is a bit extremist and obviously over-analyzed. To say that the narcissistic individual is unable to love is akin to calling an individual with low self esteem a sociopath. On second thought, it has been noted that a narcissistic individuals is very similar to a sociopath due to a lack of empathy for others and no desire to do what is right (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). Regardless, one could argue that the narcissistic individual really does suffer from low esteem. That maybe they are grasping at the straws of the world looking for someone to approve of them. The more likely reality is that on a day by day, second to second process, the narcissistic individual is looking for aspects of their lives and environment that feed or fit into their own schema of how great they are. This could also entail an ignoring of any evidence that goes contrary to their belief structure. Therefore, the treatment and the goal of therapy for the narcissistic individual is not to necessarily expose the cognitive flaws and the interpersonal manipulations that have occurred. Doing so would go against the foundation of the narcissistic individuals schematic structure and probably prematurely end therapy (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). First, a realization of the difficulty that lies ahead must occur for the client and the therapist. There must be a observed equalization of power between the therapeutic alliance because preventing a power struggle is generally the first step that must be taken. Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, (1990) allude to the idea that homework assignments may not be the best approach with these individuals due to the likelihood of noncompliance because of the patients belief that they are special. Instead the therapist must present the therapy to the client as something of great value to them instead of a type of humiliation (Freeman, n.d .). A resistant patient such as this is not only opposing to feedback or questioning, they see it as a fundamental aggressive criticism that attacks their very existence. Due to their innate response to invalidate a therapists statement or view, a therapist must be dynamic and hold an absolute positive regard towards the individual and appear to appreciate deeply what is stated by the client.

Respiratory Diseases :: Nursing

Respiratory Diseases   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There are three different phases of respiration: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake of oxygen from the environment and the release of carbon dioxide. In internal respiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried away from the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactions within the cells. Some Diseases of the respiratory system are: bronchial asthma, the common cold, and diphtheria. Bronchial asthma is a disease in which the bronchial passages are made smaller and swelling of the mucous lining causes blockage of breathing, usually due to dust, animal fur or feathers, or pollen. Many people have asthma which is caused by allergies, called extrinsic asthma, usually suffer from hay fever. Non allergic asthma, which adults usually have, is called intrinsic asthma. Intrinsic asthma is usually caused by respiratory infections and emotional upsets. A typical asthma attack begins with coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Some people have dry coughing as the only symptom. Attacks usually last only a couple hours. An attack may happen again in hours to even years after the first attack. Asthma attacks can be treated and prevented by the use of drugs. Albuterol or terbutaline, which can bring relief within minutes, is the usual treatment. The common cold is another disease of the respiratory system. The cold affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. It causes nasal congestion, sore throat, and coughing. A cold usually lasts up to an average of seven days. There is no known cure for the common cold yet. Diphtheria is another respiratory disease that, most of the time, affects

Inquiry learning Essay

Introduction Discovery learning or Inquiry Learning has a long history in education and has regained popularity over the last decade as a result of changes in the field of education that put more emphasis on the role of the learner in the learning process. Zachos, Hick, Doane, and Sargent define discovery learning as â€Å"the self-attained grasp of a phenomenon through building and testing concepts as a result of inquiry of the phenomenon. † The definition emphasizes that it is the learner who builds concepts, that the concepts need to be tested, and that building and testing of concepts are part of the inquiry of the phenomenon. Computer simulations have rich potential to provide learners with opportunities to build and test concepts, and learning with these computer simulations is also referred to as simulation-based discovery learning (Lester, Vicari, & Paraguacu, 2004). Students engaged in discussions – raising questions, resting ideas, challenging each other’s assertions – is at the heart of inquiry learning. Such discussions enable students to go beyond hands-on activities to interpret and reflect on their experiences and develop new ways of thinking. Reflecting their understanding of inquiry learning, the originators of network science aimed to have students in distant classrooms use the network to discuss science with one another like collaborating scientists (Feldman, 2000). Literature Review The main goal of discovery learning activity is to obtain and/or construct knowledge about a domain by performing experiments and inferring rules and properties of the domain from the results of those experiments. Research on discovery learning has shown that learners can experience a range of problems that can prevent successful learning. Discovery learning requires learners to act in the same manner as scientist when discovering the properties and relations of the domain that is simulated, using processes that are very similar to the processes of scientific discovery. Learners need to generate hypotheses, design experiments, predict their outcome, interpret data and reconsider hypotheses in order to construct knowledge about the domain. With each of these learning processes, problems can arise. Learners can fail to state testable hypotheses, design uninformative experiments or interpret experimental results badly (Gauthier, Frasson, & VanLehn, 2000). In order to make discovery learning successful, learners can be supported from within the learning environment. The learning environment can contain cognitive tools that can be directed at the support of one or more learning processes. Cognitive tools can offer support to the learner in several ways of support, creating a learning dialogue between the learning environment and the learner and at establishing the conditions under which profitable learning processes takes place. Cognitive tools play a role in supporting and provoking these learning processes (Gauthier et al. , 2000; McTighe & Wiggins, 2005). Like in discovery learning, the idea of simulation-based discovery learning is that the learner actively engages in a process. In an unguided simulation-based discovery environment learners have to set their own learning goals. At the same time they have to find and apply the methods that help to achieve these goals, which is not always easy. Two main goals can be associated with simulation-based discovery learning; development of knowledge about the domain of discovery, and development of skills that facilitate development of knowledge about the domain (Lester, Vicari, & Paraguacu, 2004). Those who read Guthrie, Cornford, Allen, and Bluck, among others, will find there what we might call the â€Å"traditional view. † According to this view, the paradox is a dilemma about one’s epistemic resources at the outset of inquiry and the role those resources play at the inquiry’s conclusion. The alternatives that the dilemma proposes are beginning with 1) total, explicit knowledge or 2) absolute ignorance. The doctrine of recollection provides the solution with its proposal that all inquiry begins with something intermediate between 1) and 2): latent, unconscious, or implicit knowledge. When these commentators speak of â€Å"total knowledge,† they seem to have in mind â€Å"self-consciously clear† or â€Å"conscious† knowledge (Anton & Preus, 1989). There are three points to be borne in mind in any discussion on learning by discovery. First, what is involved primarily is the learning of facts, concepts and principles rather than skills, techniques or sensitivities; and the subjects most relevant to discovery learning are mathematics, science and environmental studies. Second, it is usually associated with the traditional classroom, and third learning by discovery does not just happen; it comes about as a result of a particular teaching method or strategy. Numerous strategies can be distinguished in this connection; perhaps the most common one to be found is that of guided discovery (Manion, Morrison, & Cohen, 2004). Discovery or Inquiry must ultimately in the history of the race precede instruction; for if it’s this teacher who teaches from someone else who learned it from another teacher that cannot go back indefinitely. Somewhere in the knowledge that we pass on in the process of teaching, someone must have discovered it for himself. so we see, first of all, that learning by discovery is primary (Loucks-Horsley & Olson, 2000). Learning by instruction is secondary. And if this is so then we also see that teachers are, in an absolute sense, dispensable. For nothings which can be learned by instruction with teachers is impossible to learn without teachers. I don’t mean teachers aren’t useful; they are. For most of us would not be able to learn without the help of teachers or learn as rapidly or learn as easily the things we have to come to know in the course of our lifetime. But I do not mean that teachers are only helps. And this understanding of the teacher as an aid, as something which helps in the process of learning, is the deepest insight into the nature of teaching in relation to learning (Adler, 2000). Learning by instruction, learning with the help of teachers is no less active than learning by discovery or inquiry. Perhaps it would be better then, instead of saying learning by instruction and learning by discovery, to call them both learning by discovery; learning with a teacher as â€Å"aided discovery† and learning without a teacher, as â€Å"unaided discovery (Adler, 2000). Analysis Many network science projects have not lived up to their potential to involve students in productive inquiry. Firstly, the network science model of curriculum typically constraints classrooms by imposing rigid schedules for data submission and exchanges. The low level of completion for many network science projects – which, was less than 50% of classes in one project submitting data – may reflect teacher’s inability to fit the real lives of their classrooms, punctuated by school events and holidays and snowstorms, into the schedule demands of many network science projects (Feldman, 2000). Aiming to coordinate work among classes, many network science projects are constrained by centralized schedules. To refocus science learning on inquiry, teachers and students need flexible schedules to allow questions to be pursued in greater depth. Without such flexibility, the potential of the curriculum to support student inquiry is greatly diminished (Feldman, 2000). Secondly, network science encourages the use of scientific and social problems to spark learning, focusing on the importance of investigating questions for which the answer is not known. However, this emphasis on questions for which the answer is not known and the questions are of genuine interest to scientists excludes the possibility of students investigating concepts that may be well known to scientist but no longer of interest to them. Because such concepts are still unknown to students and potentially of great interest, they offer a scientific excursion through which students can reliably have successful and powerful learning experiences. For example, students might investigate phenomena as simple as why some objects float – a topic that is unlikely to be of any interest to scientists (Feldman, 2000). Inquiry learning, under appropriate conditions, is highly desirable; an elaborate pattern of ideas must be built up in a child’s head and only the child can built it; it is the teacher’s job to help the child to build up this elaborate structure of interrelated ideas, and to help the child correct the structure of interrelated ideas, and to help the child correct the structure whenever it is found to be in error (Solomon, 1988). By means of discovery learning we may reasonably expect children to learn something new; and to do so through some initiative of their own. Moreover, a teacher supports a child’s self-chosen activity with questions, commentary and suggestions (Manion et al. , 2004). Conclusion In this paper, we presented a view on combining collaborative learning and the discovery learning. The aim was to show how we can benefit from theoretical knowledge on discovery learning to enhance the added value that collaboration can have and, vice versa, how collaboration in itself can serve as support for the processes of discovery that learners can engage in. Mutual gain can be created from combining collaborative and discovery learning by increasing the mutual awareness in tools supporting either type of learning. Adding knowledge about discovery to collaborative tools can enhance collaborative tools to adapt themselves or give feedback on their contents. On the other hand, collaborative processes take the role of cognitive tools for discovery learning in making learning processes explicit. Of course the examples given in the paper are only a small part of what become possible combining two powerful paradigms of learning (Gauthier et al., 2000). In the latter part of the paper we show how a theory of discovery learning can help to design architecture for communicative support for discovery learning. A central place is taken by a common frame of reference that supports the communication between the different components in the architecture (Gauthier et al. , 2000). References: Adler, M. J. (2000). How to Think About the Great Ideas: From the Great Books of Western Civilization. Chicago and La Salle: Open Court Publishing. Anton, J. P. , & Preus, A. (1989). Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy: Plato. New York: SUNY Press. Feldman, A. (2000). Network Science, a Decade Later: The Internet and Classroom Learning. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gauthier, G. , Frasson, C. , & VanLehn, K. (2000). Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Germany: Springer. Lester, J. C. , Vicari, R. M. , & Paraguacu, F. (2004). Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Berlin Heidelberg, NY: Springer. Loucks-Horsley, S. , & Olson, S. (2000). Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards: A Guide for Teaching and Learning. Washington DC: National Academies Press. Manion, L. , Morrison, K. R. B. , & Cohen, L. (2004). A Guide to Teaching Practice. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer. McTighe, J. , & Wiggins, G. P. (2005). Understanding by Design. Virginia USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Solomon, C. (1988). Computer Environments for Children: A Reflection on Theories of Learning and Education. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: MIT Press.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1190 Words

The author of The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, was born September 24, 1896 and died December 21, 1940. He began writing the novel 2 years before publishing it. Then it was later published April 10, 1925. He was inspired to write the book by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island’s north shore. The Great Gatsby was not popular its first year being published. After WWII the book took a turning point and became one of his best sellers. Today The Great Gatsby is considered to be a literary classic. The Great Gatsby was set on Long Island in 1922. It served the social history of America during the Roaring Twenties. That era being known for its economic prosperity, the evolution of jazz, bootlegging, and other criminal activities Scott Fitzgerald depicted in his novel. He uses the social developments of the 1920s to build Gatsby’s stories. He goes from simple detail like automobiles to vast themes like his discreet allusions to the organized crime cultu re which was the source of Gatsby fortune. Fitzgerald’s visits to Long Island’s north shore and his experiences attending parties at mansions inspired The Great Gatsby’s setting. Many events in Fitzgerald’s early life are casted throughout The Great Gatsby. Scott Fitzgerald was a young man, and like Nick, he was educated at an Ivy League school. He is also comparable to Gatsby, as he fell in love while stationed in the military and fell into a life of decline trying to prove himself to the girl he was inShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. 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Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that